We like to describe the prostate as a doughnut that wraps around the urethra. This image helps us understand how any changes or enlargement of the gland can interfere with urine flow from the bladder. When this happens, you may notice difficulty initiating a wee, a weak stream, dripping afterward, or needing to urinate more frequently due to residual urine remaining in the bladder. Any changes in your urination pattern should be investigated.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and it disproportionately affects African men — a difference thought to have a genetic basis. The lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer is about 1 in 8, and 1 in 24 men will die from it (American Cancer Society, 2025).
Early detection is key.
The five-year survival rate is over 99% when prostate cancer is found early while still localized. However, once it has spread to other organs, that number drops to around 37%.
Screening typically involves:
- A PSA blood test
- A digital rectal exam from 45yrs of age
There is some controversy around PSA testing due to the possibility of false positives and over-investigation, but in our context, it remains an important tool for early detection.
How to Reduce Your Risk
- Eat a whole-food, unprocessed diet
- Get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
- Limit or avoid alcohol — it is a carcinogen and increases disease risk
- Limit red and processed meat to no more than once a week
- Maintain healthy metabolic and cardiovascular markers (weight, BP, blood sugar)
- Avoid smoking
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
- African descent
- Family history of breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer
- Age (risk rises sharply after 50; most diagnoses occur after 65)
Certain inherited genetic mutations — if you have significant family history across first-degree relatives, consider speaking with a genetic counsellor about testing.
